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Branches of Medicine
Do you know about anatomy, physiology, histology, pharmacology, etc? If you don’t know, I want to share my resume about that. Mr. Asih Nurakhir, S.Pd teach us about the definitons of that. Its very important for nurses to study about branches of medicine.
Anaestetic          : study about drugs that use to losing pain sensation
Anatomy             : study about the structure the part of body
Andrology           : study about male reproductive system
Bacteriology       : study about bactery
Cardiology           : study about cardiovascular/ heart
Cytology              : study about  cells
Dentistry             : study about oral
Dermatology      : study about hair and skin and its disease
Embriology         : study about development of an embrio from ovum fertilization through fetal stage
Endocrinology   : study about endocrin glands and hormon
Enzymology        : study about enzime
Epidemiology     : study about the pattern causes an effect of health and disease condition in define population
Genetic                : study about genetica, heredity
Geriatrics             : study about elderly people
Gynecology        : study about female reproductive system
Haematology     : study about bloods
Histology             : study about microscopic anatomy of tissues of living organisms
Immunology      : study about immun system
Medicine             :science or practice of the diagnosis treatment and preventions of the desease
Microbiology      : study about micrologic organism causes of disease
Neonatology      : study about new baby born
Nosology             : study about classification of disease
Obstetric             : study about pregnancy/ baby born
Oncology             : study about cancer &tumor
Orthopedic         : study about musculosceletal system/bone
Osteology           : similar with orthopedic, study about teeth, microbone and bone
Patology              : study about causes of disease
Pediatrics            : study about child
Pharmacology   : study about drugs
Physiology          : study about function of parts of body
Pneumatology  : study about lungs
Psychiatry           : study about mental disorder
Psychology         : study about human mind and behaviour
Rhinology            : study about nose
Stomatology      : study about mouth disease
Toxicology           : study about toxic
Urology                : study about urinary tract

Venerology        : study about veneral disease
Parts of The Body
Today I wanna share about my course, English For Nursing. My lecturer is Mr.Asih Nurakhir, S.Pd.  I have studied about Parts of Body from his class. Actually, we studied it in Elementary School, but now we study it deeply. Yeah, There is some note from the course about parts of the body.
The Head
-          Auricle                                  : Daun Telinga
-          Forehead/Freckle                    :  Dahi
-          Hair                                        : Rambut
-          Head                                     :  Kepala
-          Scalp                                      : Kulit Kepala
-          Neck                                      : Tengkuk
-          Skull                                       : Tengkorak
The Face                                                                                              The Mouth
-          Eyes                                       : Mata                                   - Tongue              : Lidah
-          Eyelashes                            : Alis                                       - Teeth/Tooth   : Gigi
-          Eyebrow                              : Bulu mata                            Molar                 : geraham
-          Eyeball                                  : bola mata                             Incisov               : Seri
-          Eyelid                                    : kelopak mata                     Canine               : taring
-          Temple                                 : Pelipis                                 -Gum                    : Gusi
-          Nose                                     : Hidung
-          Nosetrills                             : Lubang hidung                The Neck
-                        Adamsapple                       : Jakun
-                        Neck                                      : leher
-                        Nape                                     : tengkuk
-                        Throat                                   : tenggorokan
-          Lips                                        : Bibir
-          Cheek                                   : pipi
-          Chin                                       : Dagu
-          Dimple                                  : Lesung pipi
-          Pimple/Acne/Zit               : jerawat
-          Lower jaw/mandible      : rahang bawah
-          Upper jaw/maxillary       : rahang atas
-          Moustache                         : Kumis
-          Pore                                      : pori
-          Beard                                    : Janggut
Upper Extremity (hand)
-          Upper Arm                         : lengan atas
-          Forearm                               : lengan bawah
-          Elbow                                    : siku
-          Hand                                     : tangan
-          Finger                                   : jari
Little finger                         : kelingking
Pointed/index finger      : telunjuk
Middle finger                     : jari tengah
Ring finger                          : jari manis
Thumb                                  : jempol
-          Wrist                                     : pergelangan tangan
-          Armpit                                  : ketiak
-          Shoulder                              : bahu
-           Nail                                       : kuku
-          Fist                                         : kepalan tangan
-          Palm                                      : telapak tangan
The Trunk
-        Chest                                    : dada
-        Breast                                   : payudara
-        Breastbone                        : tulang dada
-        Nipple                                   : Puting
-        Navel                                    : pusar
-        Stomach                              : perut
Heart                                     : jantung
Kidney                                  : ginjal  
Small intestine                  : usus halus
Large intestine                  : usus besar
Pancreas                              : pankreas
Bile/gall                                : empedu
Gaster                                  : lambung
-            Abdomen                            : perut
-            Abdominal cavity              : rongga perut
-            Back                                       : punggung
-            Backbone                            : tulang punggung
-            Liver                                       : hati
-            Bladder                                 : kandung kemih
-  Uterus/womb                         : rahim
- Ovary                                           : ovarium
- Lungs                                           : paru-paru
- Bronchus                                    : Bronkus
- Waist/hip                                   : pinggang
Lower extremity (foot)
-          Thigh                                     : paha
-          Knee                                     : lutut
-          Shinebone                          : tulang kering
-          Calf                                        : tulang betis
-          Ankle                                    : pergelangan kaki
-          Heel                                       : tumit
-          Foot                                       : kaki
-          Leg                                         : kaki
-          Toes                                      : jari kaki
-          Buttock/bottom               : Pantat
-          Sole                                       : telapak kaki
Other Parts
-          Artery                                   : pembuluh nadi
-          Blood                                    : darah
-          Bones                                   : tulang
-          Brain                                      : otak
-          Capillary                               : kapiler
-          Coccyx                                  : tulang tungging
-          Flesh                                     : daging
-          Gland                                    : Kelenjar
-          Groin                                     : selangkangan
-          Lymph                                  : limfa
-          Muscle                                 : otot
-          Nerve                                   : saraf
-          Penis                                     : penis
-          Rib                                          : tulang rusuk
-          Skin                                        : kulit
-          Vagina                                  : Vagina

-          Vein                                       : pembuluh balik (vena)
Rufaida Al-Aslamia (also transliterated Rufaida Al-Aslamiya)(Arabic: رفيدة الأسلمية‎) was the first female Muslim nurse – From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 *the photos is just illustration
Rufayda Al-Aslamiyyah is a woman from the tribe of Aslam in Madeenah; it is for this reason that she was called Al-Aslamiyyah. She was a woman from the women of Ansaar, and she had a tent by Muhammad’s mosque (in Madeenah) where she used to treat the sick as reported by Al-Bukhaari in “Al-Adab Al-Mufrad”, in a Hadeeth which was classified by Al-Albaani as Saheeh [sound]
When Sa’d Ibn Mu’aath was injured in the battle of Al-Khandaq (The Trench), Muhammad ordered that he be placed and treated in her tent.
However, we have not come across any evidence that suggests that she used to go out in some battles to treat the injured. However, this matter is confirmed about other female Companions among whom was Umm ‘Atiyyah, Umm Sulaym, Hamnah Bint Jahsh, Layla Al-Ghifaariyyah (the wife of Abu Tharr), Umm Ayman, and Rubayyi’ Bint Mu’awwith.
Moreover, Anas Ibn Maalik said: “Muhammad used to go out to the battles taking Umm Sulaym and some other women of the Ansaar with him; when he fights in the battle, they [i.e. the women] would give water to the soldiers and treat the injured.”
Recognized as the first Muslim nurse. Her full name was Rufaidah bint Sa’ad of the Bani Aslam tribe of the Khazraj tribal confederation in Madinah. She was born in Yathrib before the migration of Muhammad. She was among the first people in Madina to accept Islam and was one of the Ansar women who welcomed Muhammad on arrival in Madina.
Rufaidah’s father was a physician. She learned medical care by working as his assistant. Her history illustrates all the attributes expected of a good nurse. She was kind and empathetic. She was a capable leader and organizer, able to mobilize and get others to produce good work. She had clinical skills that she shared with the other nurses whom she trained and worked with. She did not confine her nursing to the clinical situation. She went out to the community and tried to solve the social problems that lead to disease. She was both a public health nurse and a social worker.
While nursing historians in Europe and America identify Florence Nightingale as the founder of modern nursing, Middle Eastern countries attribute this status to Rufaida, a Muslim nurse.
Rufaida Al-Asalmiya. Published records testify that Rufaida Al-Asalmiya, who practiced at the time of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), was the first Muslim nurse (Kasule, 2003Mansour & Fikry, 1987). While nursing historians in Europe and America identify Florence Nightingale as the founder of modern nursing, Middle Eastern countries attribute this status to Rufaida, a Muslim nurse (Jan, 1996). Tales of Rufaida’s heroic deeds have been handed down verbally from generation to generation of Saudi nurses and continue to be savoured by many modern Saudi nurses.
Florence Nightingale one of the most influence in nursing. Famous for being the 'Lady with the Lamp' who organised the nursing of sick and wounded soldiers during the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale's far-sighted ideas and reforms have influenced the very nature of modern healthcare.
Her greatest achievement was to transform nursing into a respectable profession for women and in 1860, she established the first professional training school for nurses, the Nightingale Training School at St Thomas' Hospital.
She campaigned tirelessly to improve health standards, publishing over 200 books, reports and pamphlets on hospital planning and organisation which are still widely read and respected today, including her most famous work "Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not".
Florence's influence on today's nursing, ranges from her ward designs (known as Nightingale Wards) which were developed in response to her realisation that hospital buildings themselves could affect the health and recovery of patients, through to pioneering infection control measures and the championing of a healthy diet as a key factor for recovery. Florence also believed in the need for specialist midwifery nurses and established a School of Midwifery nursing at King's College Hospital which became a model for the country.
Florence is also credited with inventing the pie chart and was the first woman to be elected to the Royal Statistical Society. She was also the first woman to be awarded the Freedom of the City of London, which she received in 1909.
She inspired the founding of the International Red Cross which still awards the Florence Nightingale Medal for nurses who have given exceptional care to the sick and wounded in war or peace.

Lets More Know About Her


EARLY YEARS

Born in an era when middle-class women were expected to simply make a good marriage and raise a family, Florence sensed a 'calling' from God at an early age and believed she was destined to do something greater with her life. As a child, she was very academic and particularly interested in mathematics. Her religion gave her a strong sense of moral duty to help the poor and, over time, she held a growing belief that nursing was her God-given vocation. She was also perhaps set to follow the family tradition of reform mindedness, such as the example set by her maternal grandfather who was an anti-slavery campaigner.
Paid nursing suffered a reputation as a job for poor, often elderly women, and the popular image was one of drunkenness, bad language and a casual attitude to patients. Despite parental concern, she persisted in her ambition, reading anything she could about health and hospitals. Eventually she persuaded them to allow her to take three months nursing training at an inspirational hospital and school in Dusseldorf. Aged 33, she then became superintendent of a hospital for 'gentlewomen' in Harley Street, London.

 


THE CRIMEAN WAR

In March 1854, reports flooded in about the dreadful conditions and lack of medical supplies suffered by injured soldiers fighting the Crimean War. The Minister at War, a social acquaintance, invited Florence to oversee the introduction of female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. With a party of 38 nurses, Florence arrived in Scutari that November and set about organising the hospitals to improve supplies of food, blankets and beds, as well as the general conditions and cleanliness. The comforting sight of her checking all was well at night earned her the name "Lady of the Lamp", along with the undying respect of the British soldiers.

 

fn photo fn clayton 1891


REFORMING SPIRIT

The introduction of female nurses to the military hospitals was deemed an outstanding success, Florence returned to Britain a heroine and donations poured in to the Nightingale Fund. The money collected enabled Florence to continue her reform of nursing in the civil hospitals of Britain after the war. Determined that the medical mistakes of the two-year long war were never repeated, she vividly communicated the needs for medical reform using statistical charts which showed that more men had died from disease than from their wounds. She then instigated a Royal Commission into the health of the army which led to a large number of improvements and saved the lives of many.
Her attention later turned to the health of the British army in India and she demonstrated that bad drainage, contaminated water, overcrowding and poor ventilation were causing the high death rate. She concluded that the health of the army and the people of India had to go hand in hand and so campaigned to improve the sanitary conditions of the country as a whole.

The Nightingale Training School was established in 1860 using donations from the Nightingale Fund. Its reputation soon spread and Nightingale nurses were requested to start new schools all over the world, including Australia, America and Africa.fn emb2 print
Despite often being confined to her sick bed, by what we now believe was a bacterial infection known as brucellosis, Florence continued as a driving force behind the scenes, writing some 13000 letters as part of her campaigns. She met Queen Victoria on many occasions and exchanged correspondence for over thirty years. Florence was awarded the Royal Red Cross in 1883. Then in 1907 she was the first woman to receive the Order of Merit, Britain's highest civilian decoration.
Florence died aged 90, on 13 August 1910, and was buried with her family in East Wellow, Hampshire.

Taken from: http://www.florence-nightingale.co.uk/the-collection/biography.html
During any doctor or hospital visit, nurses can be found everywhere and are often more likely to spend more time with the patients than the doctors themselves. However, this was not so 100 years ago. Since even before then, there has always been the need for caring and compassionate nurses, and there are many nurses who have risen to fill that void. However, with the success of nurse and doctor themed films and television programs, nurses can suffer in the gap from perception to reality.
To help illustrate this – and hopefully clear up a few misconceptions – we have listed the 15 best movies about nursing. From the documentary of actual nurses to the far spun tales of nurses gone wrong, they feature both the best and worst in nursing. You can also watch a few of them to learn the history of nursing in addition to being entertained.
  1. Florence Nightingale
    A made for television film, it follows Jaclyn Smith as Florence Nightingale and shows how the Lady with the Lamp became one of the most important advocates for sanitation andcleanliness. Follow Florence from her early roots to her nursing career during the Crimean War and even some battles with the medical establishment. A must see for an in depth look at what many call the founder of modern day nursing.
  2. Miss Evers’ Boys
    Alfre Woodard stars in this 1997 film made for HBO. She plays small town nurse Eunice Evers, who witnesses the horrors of the Tuskegee experiment. It was nominated for and won several Emmys including Outstanding Made for Television Movie and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.
  3. MASH
    We’ve all heard of the popular television series, but it was actually launched after this successful 1970 film. It is based on the story of three army doctors and takes place during the Korean War. A few nurses with clever nicknames also show up in this highly acclaimed film.
  4. So Proudly We Hail!
    In another entry about historic nurses, this film follows a group of stationed in the Philippines during the days of World War II. It stars film classic favorites Claudette Colbert, Veronica Lake, and Paulette Goddard, who was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film is based on a book written by an actual WWII nurse.
  5. Cry Havoc
    What do a Southern Belle, waitress, and stripper have incommon? In this 1943 picture, they are all turned army nurses stationed in Bataan during World War II. Again, nurses face the plight of war from the other end of the fighting. The film is also based on a play that starred Carol Channing and is named after a Shakespeare line.
  6. A Farewell to Arms
    This film is based on an Ernest Hemingway novel which was semi-autobiographical. Directed by Charles Vidor, the 1957 film stars leading man Rock Hudson as an American soldier who meets and falls in love with a British nurse in an Italian hospital during World War I. Not uncommon for Hemingway work, it ends on a sad note.
  7. Wit
    This film was based on a 1999 Pulitzer Prize winning play of the same name. Emma Thompson plays a fiercely demanding professor of English literature who contracts cancer. While at a hospital, an aggressive and experimental treatment is recommended. When it comes down to the patient’s final wishes and care, it is Nurse Susie who steps into the spotlight.
  8. Night Nurse
    How far has nursing come in the last 80 years? The answer to that is in this film starring Barbara Stanwyck made in 1931. In the film, she plays a nurse who seeks the help of a petty criminal to foil a sinister plot to murder two children. Also useful for showing how nurses were trained and what they did.
  9. The Bag of Knees
    This documentary follows the lives of nurses in various hospital wards. The film includes their backgrounds, careers, and experiences. Even the recent changes in healthcare are discussed. Click here to see a free scene from the documentary.
  10. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
    Don’t know who Nurse Ratched is? Then check out this 1975 Oscar Winner that follows a young Jack Nicholson through a stay at a mental institution. Louise Fletcher plays the offending nurse who makes his stay memorable.
  11. The Nun’s Story
    Although the film focuses on the life and expectations of a nun, it is worth watching for Audrey Hepburn’s role as the lead, where she plays a nun and a nurse. The film is based on the true story of a nun at the Sisters of Charity of Jesus and Mary, where the main character is witness to a variety atrocities and must decide between her roles as a nun or a nurse.
  12. Meet the Parents
    Sick of movies where nurses are only nurses and not people? For the double whammy of also featuring a male nurse is this film, which also spawned two sequels. Ben Stiller plays a nurse and newly-minted bane of his to be father in law’s existence. Robert De Niro plays the father-in-law and an ex CIA agent who can truly make any addition to the family miserable.
  13. The Nurse
    Although nurses are known for caring for their patients above all, this 1997 film takes another turn. When the man who drove her father to go on a killing spree shows up in her hospital, this nurse gets the perfect opportunity for revenge.With an R rating, this psychological thriller is not for the easily scared.
  14. Prison Nurse
    Not as bad as the title makes it sound, this is another entry in the “just watch it to see what nursing was like then” entries. Made in 1938, the story follows a nurse who signs on at a maximum security prison. When a typhoid epidemic breaks out, Judy and her friends must hold fast to save the day.
  15. 13 Weeks
    More of a web series than a film, it follows the true story of six Access Nurse Travel RNs as they work in Southern California. From the ER to the ICU, many elements of nursing are shared. See all six episodes here.
    1. And there are many other films and shows where nurses are depicted in addition to the above 15 best movies about nursing. Although nurses often get a supporting role on screen, their dedication and commitment to patients is far more common place in the everyday world.
      Source: 
      http://onlinebsn.org/2011/the-15-best-movies-about-nursing/
1. Warna mata Anda tergantung pada jumlah melanin dalam iris Anda.
Melanin adalah pigmen cokelat tua yang memutuskan untuk ada tidaknya warna pada mata Anda, juga pada warna rambut dan kulit.
Semakin banyak melanin yang Anda miliki di iris, semakin gelap warna mata Anda. Mata biru mengandung melanin jauh lebih sedikit daripada mata berwarna gelap, yang memungkinkan zat biru yang disebut kolagen tersebut untuk lebih terlihat.
2. Apakah Anda memiliki mata biru? Jika demikian, Anda berarti memiliki nenek moyang yang sama dengan setiap orang bermata biru lain di dunia.
Orang pertama yang memiliki mata biru di dunia hidup di antara 6.000 dan 10.000 tahun yang lalu. Dia dilahirkan dengan gen yang tidak bisa menghasilkan cukup melanin untuk membuat mata cokelat, sehingga urutan DNAnya unik dan sejak saat itu diturunkan gen seperti ini kepada setiap orang bermata biru lainnya. Meskipun ribuan tahun telah berlalu, masing-masing dan setiap orang dengan mata biru masih dapat ditelusuri kembali siapakah nenek moyang tunggal ini.
Para ilmuwan mengamati banyak variasi dalam jumlah melanin yang terkandung dalam iris orang bermata cokelat. Namun, jumlah melanin dalam iris orang bermata biru jauh lebih bervariabel.
3. Jika Anda memiliki pengelihatan 20/20, penglihatan Anda hanya dikategorikan sebagai ‘normal’.
Pengelihatan 20/20 sebenarnya merupakan istilah Amerika: menurut dokter mata, itu adalah sejauh apa rata-rata seseorang bisa melihat. Jika Anda dapat membaca apa yang rata-rata orang biasanya dapat baca dari grafik yang ditempatkan pada jarak 20 kaki, Anda memiliki visi 20/20. Tapi ini bukan kualitas penglihatan terbaik yang dapat Anda miliki – beberapa orang dengan penglihatan yang luar biasa memiliki 20/10 visi, atau malah memiliki pengelihatan dua kali lebih baik dari 20/20.
4. Jika Anda meletakan bagian cembung dari kaca ata di depan mata, atau secara tidak langsung Anda menggunakan kaca mata secara terbalik, otak Anda akan beraaptasi dan memperbaiki pandangan Anda.
Otak Anda memproses semua informasi yang mata Anda kumpulkan dan memungkinkan Anda untuk melihat. Jika Anda mengenakan kacamata terbalik, di mana bagian cembungnya Anda letakan di mata Anda, dari waktu ke waktu otak akan belajar untuk memproses informasi secara berbeda, sehingga Anda tetap melihat hal-hal dengan semestinya.
Namun, kami tidak menyarankan mencoba ini di rumah: itu bisa memakan waktu hingga beberapa minggu untuk otak Anda untuk beradaptasi, dan Anda akan melihat segala sesuatu berbeda lagi setelah Anda menggunakan kaca mata dengan seharusnya.
5. Mata Anda berisi lebih dari 107 juta sel yang sensitif terhadap cahaya.
Dua jenis sel yang terletak di retina di belakang mata Anda disebut ‘batang’ dan ‘kerucut’.
Ada sekitar 100 juta batang, yang memungkinkan Anda untuk melihat lebih baik dalam gelap tapi tidak bisa mengenali warna. Sel-sel lain yang sensitif terhadap cahaya adalahkerucut, dengan jumlah sekitar 7 juta yang memungkinkan Anda untuk melihat warna dan detail.
Bagaimana sel-sel ini membantu Anda melihat? Itu semua terjadi berkat reaksi kimia, yang berlangsung hanya beberapa triliun detik setelah cahaya telah datang ke dalam kontak dengan batang dan kerucut di mata Anda. Impuls listrik yang dipicu oleh reaksi ini kemudian diteruskan ke otak Anda, yang memproses informasi dan memungkinkan Anda untuk melihat.
6. Rata-rata, Anda berkedip 17 kali per menit, dan sekitar 5,2 juta kali dalam setahun.
Apakah Anda pernah berpikir tentang seberapa sering Anda berkedip?
Rata-rata, Anda mungkin berkedip sekitar 17 kali per menit dan 5,2 juta kali dalam setahun, tetapi jumlah berapa kali Anda benar-benar berkedip bervariasi dan tergantung pada apa yang Anda lakukan.
Jika Anda sedang berbicara dengan seseorang, Anda cenderung untuk berkedip lebih sering: di sisi lain, Anda berkedip sedikit ketika Anda sedang membaca (yang mengapa Anda mendapatkan kering dan mata lelah).
7. Otot yang mengontrol kelopak mata Anda dan saat Anda berkedip adalah otot tercepat dalam tubuh Anda.
Otot yang mengontrol berkedip Anda adalah yang tercepat dalam tubuh Anda, dan kedipan rata-rata cenderung berlangsung antara 100 dan 150 milidetik. Berkedip juga penting untuk kesehatan mata Anda, membuang bakteri dan menjaga mata Anda tetap basah dengan air mata sehingga mereka tidak kering.
Sumber: http://lensza.co.id/lookbook/7-fakta-menakjubkan-tentang-mata-anda/

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